Cobalt mining in Africa

Cobalt Mining in Africa: Powering the Green Revolution and Global Technology

Africa is the global epicenter of cobalt mining , accounting for over 70% of the world’s production . This critical mineral is essential for lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs), smartphones, laptops, and renewable energy systems . As the world shifts toward clean energy and digital innovation, Africa’s cobalt reserves are more strategically important than ever.

Here are five key aspects of cobalt mining in Africa :

1. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – The World’s Largest Cobalt Producer

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) dominates global cobalt production, accounting for over two-thirds of the world’s supply . Most cobalt is mined in the Copperbelt region , especially around Lubumbashi and Kolwezi , where it is extracted as a by-product of copper mining .

2. Industrial vs. Artisanal Cobalt Mining

While industrial mining operations like Tenke Fungurume Mine (CMOC) and Mutanda Mine (Glencore) produce the majority of cobalt, a significant portion also comes from artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) . These informal operations often involve child labor , poor safety standards , and limited regulation , raising ethical concerns in global supply chains.

3. Cobalt in Zambia – A Growing Player in the Region

Zambia, which shares the Central African Copperbelt with the DRC, is also increasing its cobalt output. As copper prices fluctuate, many Zambian mines are focusing more on cobalt recovery , supported by new investments and technology upgrades .

4. Role in the Global Green Economy

Cobalt enhances the energy density and thermal stability of batteries, making it indispensable for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage . With the global EV market growing rapidly, demand for cobalt is expected to double by 2030 , further increasing Africa’s strategic importance.

5. Ethical Sourcing and Sustainability Efforts

To address concerns around child labor, environmental impact, and transparency , several international initiatives have been launched, including the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI) and Blockchain-based traceability systems . Companies like Tesla, Apple, and Volkswagen are increasingly sourcing certified ethical cobalt from Africa.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Why is cobalt from Africa so important?
A: Africa, especially the DRC , produces the majority of the world’s cobalt , which is essential for electric vehicle batteries and consumer electronics .

Q: Is cobalt mining in Africa considered ethical?
A: While industrial mining is increasingly regulated, artisanal cobalt mining in some areas has been linked to child labor and unsafe working conditions , prompting global efforts to improve sourcing practices .

Q: How is cobalt mined in Africa?
A: Cobalt is primarily mined as a by-product of copper mining in industrial operations , and also through artisanal small-scale mining in informal settings.