China mining in Africa

China’s Mining Presence in Africa: Investment, Influence, and Economic Ties

China has become a major player in Africa’s mining sector , investing heavily in the extraction and processing of critical minerals that fuel its industrial growth and global economic strategy . With a focus on copper, cobalt, lithium, gold, and other strategic resources , China’s mining activities in Africa are reshaping the continent’s economic landscape and global supply chains .

Here are five key aspects of China’s mining involvement in Africa :

1. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) – The Epicenter of Chinese Mining Investment

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the heart of China’s mining investments in Africa. With over 70% of global cobalt production , essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries , China has secured long-term stakes in major projects like:

• Tenke Fungurume Mine (CMOC)
• Rwanda’s Metalkol RTR Project (Gécamines + Sinohydro)
• Sicomines and other Sino-Congolese joint ventures

These investments often include infrastructure development , such as roads and power plants, in exchange for mineral rights.

2. Zambia – A Hub for Copper and Cobalt Mining

Zambia, one of the top copper producers in the world , has seen significant investment from Chinese firms such as:

• China Nonferrous Metal Mining (CNMC)
• Zijin Mining
• Lumwana Mine (now partly Chinese-owned)

Chinese companies now operate a large share of Zambia’s copper and cobalt assets , supporting global demand for green technologies and electronics .

3. Zimbabwe – Lithium and Gold Mining Partnerships

In Zimbabwe, China is investing in lithium projects to secure supplies for its EV battery industry , with companies like:

• Sinomine Resource Group
• Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt

China has also expanded its gold mining presence , partnering with local firms to modernize operations and increase output.

4. Infrastructure and Mining: The Belt and Road Connection

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) plays a key role in supporting its mining investments. Infrastructure projects — including:

• Railways
• Ports
• Power plants
• Roads

…are often developed alongside mining operations, improving logistics and export capacity while deepening economic ties.

5. Ethical Concerns and Local Impact

While Chinese investment has boosted production and employment , it has also raised concerns about:

• Environmental degradation
• Labor rights and safety standards
• Lack of transparency in contracts
• Over-reliance on mineral exports

Some African governments and civil society groups have called for stronger regulation, local ownership, and fairer benefit-sharing in Sino-African mining deals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Why is China investing in mining in Africa?
A: China seeks to secure long-term access to critical minerals like cobalt, copper, and lithium, which are essential for electric vehicles, electronics, and renewable energy systems .

Q: Which African countries host the most Chinese mining investment?
A: The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Guinea are among the top destinations for Chinese mining firms.

Q: Is Chinese mining in Africa sustainable and ethical?
A: While some projects follow international standards , concerns remain about labor conditions, environmental impact , and contract transparency .